{"id":2521,"date":"2019-03-13T19:13:47","date_gmt":"2019-03-13T18:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hublemania.ch\/?p=2521"},"modified":"2020-01-18T18:12:03","modified_gmt":"2020-01-18T17:12:03","slug":"indice-agefi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hublemania.ch\/de\/indice-agefi\/","title":{"rendered":"La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle"},"content":{"rendered":"

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La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle<\/h1>\n

Alexandre Michellod<\/strong>
Indices |Agefi 25 F\u00e9vrier 2019 | Gestion institutionnelle<\/strong><\/p>\n

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T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l’article en pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u2019absence d\u2019initiative politique concr\u00e8te pour faire \u00e9voluer le 2e pilier renforce, chez l\u2019assur\u00e9, la notion de responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle pour am\u00e9liorer ses pr\u00e9tentions futures au niveau de la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle.<\/em><\/p>\n

Suite au refus par le peuple et les cantons, en automne 2017, d\u2019une r\u00e9forme globale de la pr\u00e9voyance vieillesse int\u00e9grant \u00e0 la fois le 1er et le 2e pilier (PV2020), le Conseil f\u00e9d\u00e9ral s\u2019oriente d\u00e9sormais forc\u00e9ment vers une approche distincte entre la pr\u00e9voyance \u00e9tatique et la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle pour tenter de r\u00e9former notre syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale bas\u00e9 sur trois piliers. Etant donn\u00e9 l\u2019urgence li\u00e9e au financement de l\u2019AVS, le Conseil f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a ainsi ouvert, entre le 27 juin et le 17 octobre 2018, la proc\u00e9dure de consultation relative au projet de r\u00e9forme \u00ab AVS21 \u00bb dont l\u2019objectif est de stabiliser la situation financi\u00e8re de l\u2019AVS et de maintenir simultan\u00e9ment le niveau des prestations vieillesse. La pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle, dans ce contexte, n\u2019appara\u00eet d\u00e8s lors plus comme la pierre angulaire d\u2019un projet ambitieux de r\u00e9forme, mais ne se retrouve plus que simplement rel\u00e9gu\u00e9e et int\u00e9gr\u00e9e aux mesures de coordination entre les 1er et 2e piliers pr\u00e9vus par le Conseil f\u00e9d\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n

Certes, officiellement, ce dernier a charg\u00e9 les partenaires sociaux de proposer des solutions pour l\u2019assainissement de la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle. Cependant, la probabilit\u00e9 pour que les n\u00e9gociations entre repr\u00e9sentants des employeurs et des salari\u00e9s des diff\u00e9rentes caisses de pension puissent aboutir, d\u2019ici ces cinq prochaines ann\u00e9es, \u00e0 une p\u00e9rennisation du syst\u00e8me de financement des prestations du 2e pilier bas\u00e9 sur la capitalisation, est extr\u00eamement faible. A d\u00e9faut d\u2019initiatives concr\u00e8tes au niveau de nos classes politiques pour faire \u00e9voluer positivement et \u00e0 court terme d\u00e9j\u00e0 le 2e pilier, seule une forme de responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle renforc\u00e9e en mati\u00e8re de pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle pourra permettre en finalit\u00e9 aux assur\u00e9s du second pilier – quasiment plus de 4 millions de personnes – d’am\u00e9liorer leurs pr\u00e9tentions futures en mati\u00e8re de prestations de retraite d\u00e9coulant de la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle. D\u00e8s lors, dans quelles situations est-il pertinent de parler de responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle au niveau du 2e pilier lorsque les termes de solidarit\u00e9 et de collectivit\u00e9 font partie des caract\u00e9ristiques premi\u00e8res de la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle ?<\/p>\n

Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cette question, il s\u2019agit tout d\u2019abord, en amont, de d\u00e9finir la notion de responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle pour ensuite appliquer cette d\u00e9finition au niveau du cadre r\u00e9glementaire de la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle. Ainsi, de mani\u00e8re synth\u00e9tique, la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle dans le 2e pilier pourrait se d\u00e9finir, comme \u00e9tant une certaine obligation morale pour les affili\u00e9s des caisses de pension de conna\u00eetre les grands principes de la \u00ab Loi sur la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle vieillesse, survivants et invalidit\u00e9 (LPP) \u00bb afin qu’ils puissent \u00eatre \u00e0 m\u00eame d\u2019anticiper au mieux, dans le contexte conjoncturel actuel tr\u00e8s incertain, l\u2019\u00e9volution de leur \u00e9pargne de pr\u00e9voyance et des prestations qui en d\u00e9coulent. A ce stade rappelons que le 2e pilier a \u00e9galement pour caract\u00e9ristique majeure la sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s helv\u00e9tique d\u2019\u00eatre bas\u00e9 sur un syst\u00e8me de milice qui trouve ses fondements dans un engagement volontaire et non professionnel de ses protagonistes. Partant de ce constat et de la d\u00e9finition pr\u00e9cit\u00e9e, plusieurs situations \u00e9videntes de responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle peuvent se distinguer au niveau des diff\u00e9rents intervenants de la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle, que ce soit du point de vue patronal ou de celui du salariat.<\/p>\n

Dans le 2e pilier, il faut le savoir, le processus du d\u00e9veloppement de la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle pour faire face \u00e0 l\u2019enjeu du financement des prestations r\u00e8glementaires passe par deux niveaux :
1. Il repose tout d’abord sur la compr\u00e9hension de l’articulation des principaux r\u00e8glements r\u00e9gissant le fonctionnement d’une institution de pr\u00e9voyance.
2. Il s’appuie ensuite sur une connaissance des diff\u00e9rents seuils salariaux du r\u00e9gime obligatoire et surobligatoire sur lesquels sont construits les plans de pr\u00e9voyance.<\/p>\n

La LPP, qui fonctionne comme une loi-cadre flexible, permet en effet de nombreux am\u00e9nagements. La flexibilit\u00e9 est une autre caract\u00e9ristique du 2e pilier laquelle, malheureusement, passe trop souvent inaper\u00e7ue aupr\u00e8s des entreprises et des milieux \u00e9conomiques. Pourtant, la marge de man\u0153uvre est importante.
La connaissance des deux niveaux \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s devraient permettre aux assur\u00e9s d’une caisse de pension de pouvoir d\u00e9velopper, selon les circonstances, des r\u00e9flexes appropri\u00e9s pour am\u00e9liorer leurs pr\u00e9tentions futures (i.e droits expectatifs) par exemple par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de cotisations d\u2019\u00e9pargne volontaires ou par des \u00ab rachats \u00bb de cotisations manquantes sous la forme de versements uniques. Pour les PME et les start-up de notre \u00e9conomie, une bonne compr\u00e9hension de ces principes devrait se traduire par une optimisation des co\u00fbts associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle. L’adoption d’un dispositif de pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle scind\u00e9e (ou \u00ab splitt\u00e9e\u00bb) sur deux caisses de pension en est un tr\u00e8s bon exemple. Cette approche peut \u00eatre d’ailleurs \u00e9galement profitable pour les professions lib\u00e9rales ou pour les entreprises du secteur tertiaire devant couvrir des salaires allant au-del\u00e0 du r\u00e9gime obligatoire de la LPP. Dans le r\u00e9gime surobligatoire de la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle et pour des salaires annuels sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 CHF 127’980, il est possible de s\u2019affilier aupr\u00e8s de fondations collectives proposant, dans le cadre de plans 1e, le libre choix du programme de placement.
Finalement, l’enjeu n’est rien d’autre que d’associer, sur un m\u00eame niveau, employeurs et employ\u00e9s au sens des partenaires sociaux pour que ceux-ci puissent trouver le juste compromis dans leurs objectifs de financer ensemble les prestations d\u00e9coulant de la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle. Seule une responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle renforc\u00e9e au niveau tant du patronat que du salariat permettra de trouver le salut pour la p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 du financement des prestations de nos caisses de pension. Rappelons que le syst\u00e8me du 2e pilier bas\u00e9 sur la capitalisation, malgr\u00e9 les turbulences en 2018 des march\u00e9s financiers, sera toujours un cotisant tiers p\u00e9renne au c\u00f4t\u00e9 du patronat et du salariat. Les performances positives des indices LPP en ce d\u00e9but d’ann\u00e9e 2019 nous le rappelle heureusement (voir illustration ci-dessous).
Evolution du SMI et d’une strat\u00e9gie LPP30*<\/strong>
Depuis le 31.10.2005 au 31.01.2019
*Composition de la strat\u00e9gie LPP30 (\u00a0La performance historique ne repr\u00e9sente pas un indicateur de performance actuelle ou future): 10% CS Index Fund CH – Swizerland Bond Index AAA-BBB Blue, 10% iShares SBI AAA-BBB Bond Index Fund, 14% db x-trackers II Global Government Bond UCITS ETF – CHF hedged, 5% iShares Euro Investment Grade Corporate Bond Index Fund, 5% SPDR Barclays Emerging Markets Local Bond UCITS ETF, 13% iShares Core SPI ETF, 14% db x-trackers MSCI AC World Index UCITS ETF, 3% iShares Emerging Markets Equity Index Fund (IE), 15% UBS ETF SXI Real Estate Funds, 10% GS Ab-solute Return Tracker Portfolio – CHF hedged et 1% UBS Money Market CHF).<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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Alexandre Michellod, Indices | Agefi | Gestion institutionnelle
\nSuite au refus par le peuple et les cantons, en automne 2017, d\u2019une r\u00e9forme globale de la pr\u00e9voyance vieillesse int\u00e9grant \u00e0 la fois le 1er et le 2e pilier (PV2020), le Conseil f\u00e9d\u00e9ral s\u2019oriente d\u00e9sormais forc\u00e9ment vers une approche distincte entre la pr\u00e9voyance \u00e9tatique et la pr\u00e9voyance professionnelle pour tenter de r\u00e9former notre syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale bas\u00e9 sur trois piliers. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2101,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-revue-de-presse"],"yoast_head":"\nLa n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle - Lemania- Pension Fund<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hublemania.ch\/indice-agefi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de renforcer la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle - 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